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Prof. Urban Ungerstedt
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Prof. Ungerstedt has pioneered the microdialysis technique, which he developed together with his group at Karolinska Institutet already at the beginning of the 1970s. Since then more than 11 000 papers were published describing the use of microdialysis in pharmacology, physiology, clinical monitoring and other related biomedical fields. These studies refer basically to the same principle, probe design and experimental set-up as originally described by Ungerstedt and Pycock (1974). Besides development of microdialysis, Dr. Ungerstedt made several major contributions to current understanding of functional neuroanatomy of the monoaminergic systems, with particular focus on the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia. His seminal discovery on 6-hydroxydopamine selective lesions of the nigro-striatal dopamine pathway and measuring turning behaviour induced by dopamimetic drugs is still used as the most important rodent model of Parkinson´s disease.
Ungerstedt U (1968) 6-Hydroxy-dopamine induced degeneration of central monoamine neurons. Eur J Pharmacol, 5:107-110.
Ungerstedt U, Pycock C (1974) Functional correlates of dopamine neurotransmission. Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss, 30:44-55.
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Prof. Kjell Fuxe
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In 1964, K. Fuxe and A. Dahlström were the first to provide evidence for the existence of catecholamine and serotonin-containing neurons and described their specific localization in the central nervous system by implementing, at that time, revolutionary new fluorescence histochemical technique based on the formaldehyde fluorescence method for the cellular localization of monoamines. Up to date, Prof. Fuxe has published over 1000 scientific papers and edited numerous books on neuroanatomy, pharmacology and functional aspects of the monoaminergic systems and their interactions with neuropeptides and other neuromodulatory molecules in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, Profs. Fuxe and Agnati and their collaborators have introduced and developed important concepts describing complex neuronal signalling such as volume transmission and receptor-receptor interactions.
Dahlström A, Fuxe K (1964) Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system, I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brain stem neurons. Acta Physiol Scand, 62:Suppl 232:1-55.
Hillarp NA, Fuxe K, Dahlström A (1966) Demonstration and mapping of central neurons containing dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine and their reactions to psychopharmaca. Pharmacol Rev, 18:727-741.
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Prof. Greg A. Gerhardt
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Dr. Greg A. Gerhardt is well known for his pioneering development of modern microelectrodes for measures of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, nitric oxide, L-glutamate, choline, lactate and other neurochemicals in brain tissue. His more recent work has focused on micro-fabricated electrode arrays and novel carbon fiber electrodes. He is currently Professor in the Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Neurology, and Psychiatry at the University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky. He is also the Director of the Center for Sensor Technology (CenSeT), which has been a “NSF Center without Walls” since 1991, which focuses on rapid electrochemical methods using microelectrodes to study the neurochemistry of brain systems in vivo. He also directs one of the twelve NIH funded Morris K. Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Centers of Excellence since 1999. Finally, Dr. Gerhardt is Editor-in-Chief, Americas and Australasia, of the Journal of Neuroscience Methods. For his scientific achievements, Dr. Gerhardt has received numerous awards including a Research Scientist Development Award (RSDA Level II; (2000-2005) from NIMH.
Gerhardt GA, Oke AF, Nagy G, Moghaddam B, Adams RN (1984) Nafion-coated electrodes with high selectivity for CNS electrochemistry. Brain Res, 290:390-395.
Burmeister JJ, Gerhardt GA (2003) Ceramic-based multisite microelectrode arrays for in vivo electrochemical recordings of glutamate and other neurochemicals. Trends Anal Chem, 22:503-508.
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Prof. Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes
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Prof. Hammarlund-Udenaes is a leading expert in pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics science where she has made several major contributions to introducing microdialysis in drug analysis and development of microdialysis for the PK/PD studies.
Her particular interest is focused on applied studies of drug transport to the brain and its relationship to pharmacodynamics, especially for opioids. Another important area of Dr. Hammarlund-Udenaes expertise includes theory and applications of quantitative microdialysis for determination of drug concentrations in body compartments including brain extracellular space, blood and other tissues. Dr. Hammarlund-Udenaes is one of the initiators and architects behind the biannual International Congress on Microdialysis in Drug Research and Development.
Bouw MR, Hammarlund-Udenaes M (1998) Methodological aspects of the use of a calibrator in in vivo microdialysis-further development of the retrodialysis method. Pharm Res, 15:1673-1679.
Hammarlund-Udenaes M (2000) The use of microdialysis in CNS drug delivery studies. Pharmacokinetic perspectives and results with analgesics and antiepileptics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 45:283-294.
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Prof. Karl-Henrik Nordström
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Prof. Nordström introduced intracerebral microdialysis as a routine monitoring technique in neuro intensive care in collaboration with Prof. Ungerstedt and CMA Microdialysis. Biochemical markers of cerebral energy metabolism (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and indicators of cellular degradation (glutamate, glycerol) are analyzed and displayed bedside and the observed results directly influence clinical decision making. Since the physiological approach of treating increased intracranial pressure (“Lund concept”) includes a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure, the bedside control of cerebral energy metabolism is of vital importance. When used as clinical routine monitoring technique, intracerebral microdialysis has permitted pharmacokinetic studies of normal and injured human brain. Dr. Nordström´s group has also demonstrated the feasibility of using microdialysis catheters with high cut-off (100 kD) for studies of interstitial polypeptides and proteins in the human brain.
Grände PO, Asgeirsson B, Nordström CH (2002) Volume targeted therapy of increased intracranial pressure: the Lund concept unifies surgical and non-surgical treatments. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 46:929-941.
Nordström CH, Reinstrup P, Xu W, Gärdenfors A, Ungerstedt U (2003) Assessment of the lower limit for cerebral perfusion pressure in severe head injuries by bedside monitoring of regional energy metabolism. Anesthesiology, 98:809-814.
Nordström CH (2007) The "Lund concept": what it is and what it isn't. Intensive Care Med, 33:558.
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